Thursday, May 23, 2013

Research and Planning Essay

Plan: AS: research into set genre & techniques in filmmaking: basic, irrelevant, not presented creatively, animatic did not match the timing & there was not enough footage
A2: research developed, presented on various software, into the genre & intertextual references, planned it well, animatic was detailed and in time
overall: in A2 our project is much stronger than as down to the detailed research and the schedules and other planning we have done, the way we organised ourselves

Research for my AS project was quite limited and I only followed the instructions given by the teacher. I did not look at any intertextual references or in-depth research about different techniques. I was given a certain genre and I was meant to represent the conventions of it in my work so I wanted to research mainly the vague and essential information about filmmaking rather than try something different. However, in A2, I had more freedom with creative decisions about genre, research and planning and type of my music video. I used that to my advantage by researching into different genres and artists of those genres' and music videos to get some ideas and maybe combine them in my project. I learned how to present my work in a more interesting and creative way by using online presentations, online animation makers and videos as well as moodboards. This made it also easier to go back and look at different research when doing my evaluation and post-production stages as I could look through the videos and moodboards and I could use that more effectively.

I also created an animatic in both years to visually present my storyboard and also see whether the amount of footage I wanted to include would be enough or not for the length of the video. In AS, the animatic was not really helpful and I did not use it to help me through my production stage as it was only 30 seconds long, whereas our video was to be 2.00 mins long. The animatic did not include a lot of shots and it only had the main ones there to represent the idea behind them. However, I did not find it useful later on, which then caused problems with production stage. I had to re-shoot some footage and add more into the film as there was not enough included. Nevertheless, I learned from that experience and in A2 I paid great attention into making sure that my animatic was detailed and that I could successfully use it as a guide during the production stage. The animatic included enough shots and extra footage, we never ended up using, and it helped us to keep on track with the filming and editing.

The research and planning affect our both projects massively. The lack of in-depth research during the first year, and lack of detailed planning of the shoots and edits meant that my project as a whole was much more stressful and hectic. I needed to add more footage in the post-production stage because there was not enough and we could not organise ourselves with the editing of the footage either as there was not enough and we did not know what order it goes in as we did not plan it very well.
However, my project has improved a lot during this last year as I spent more time planning and researching the genre, conventions, music videos, and promotional campaigns for the artists to make sure that I had enough information to produce a successful piece of work.

Monday, May 13, 2013

Representation: essay.

Analyse media representation in one of your coursework productions.

Representations have ideologies behind them and are a way of how the media shows us things about our society. There are different aspects to it and different view points such as Marxism, Feminism, Postmodernism and Stereotypes. I am going to analyse my music video using feminist, post modern and stereotype approaches in representation in my product.

In my project, we focused on a certain social group, which was young, sociable adults who were struggling in a complicated relationship. We've put a lot of emphasis through the camera work and how the story sets out on how similar both characters and their friend groups are and how they like to spend their time, yet how different their personalities are. We used what Michel Maffesoli calls an "ubran tribe", which is where members of a small social group dress similarly, have similar if not the same beliefs and enjoy the same entertainment. In our music video it was a small group of friends from the same environment and the same age group who were all dressed similarly, about to go out on a night out and enjoying drinking, love, lust and drugs all in similar manner as each other. This leads to decline of individualism, which happens in society today. It represents the reality of teenagers and young adults that do all those things on daily or weekly basis and think it is okay but do not see the bigger picture. However, teenagers (aged 16-20), which was our target audience, enjoyed the video even though some of them are a part of this society, which only means they love to watch themselves and they adore the life they live...but in a hyper-real, simulated world created by a camera and an editing software.

Baudrillard described how the representations of the society in the media are hyper-real and simulated versions of the reality, mostly improved or dramatised to give a better show to the viewer. This is a post-modernist view, which my music video fits into as it is promoting an unhealthy lifestyle by showing how good of a time the characters are having whiles high on drugs and drunk on alcohol. The truth is not so pretty when it comes to clubs and drugs but in the simulated world, we can create anything and make it look very appealing, especially to younger generation, and make it desirable, whereas the real picture is not so colourful and we are being fooled by false ideas about the world, fed to us through camera, just like we did in our music video.

Also, the feminist view would find my music video offensive as I promote the woman as the sex object. There is a shot in our video, which is a classic male gaze, point of view shot that defines the idea of a woman in a man's eyes as detailed by Laura Mulvey in her theory. She talks about the voyeurism and how our view of a woman (even for female magazines) is totally dominated by male gaze. However, I achieved the male gaze on purpose as it was a part of the story and of building a strong character. John Berger said: "Men act, Women appear". This is exactly what happens in my music video. The woman cheats on the man but gets away with it at the end when she comes over and apologies and those two spend the night together. She only appears in those scenes as a seductive, manipulative tool to gain the man's trust, whilst the man is fighting for her with another man and with his own feelings because he is entirely controlled by her voyeuristic appearance in the music video.

In my music video however, we are breaking the conventional boundaries of the stereotypes, which also a part of postmodern theory, mainly popularised and favoured by Lyotard. The stereotypes are there in my music video but they have been swapped around. The woman who is the sexual object and "the one who should appear, not act" is in fact controlling the whole situation and the whole storyline, even though the stereotype would go against it. Following stereotypes we would have the man in control and the woman running after him, whereas it is actually the other way around in my music video. The stereotype about women defines them as vulnerable and emotional, whereas in my music video, the man is going through the emotional stage of anger, sadness, happiness and despair and he is quite vulnerable and appears to be helpless as the woman is in control of what happens and how the storyline continues.

Audience - Essay.

Analyse one of your coursework productions in relations to the concept of audience. 

Plan:
1. theorists: Ien Ang, (audience becoming too diversified?) Theodore Adorno's Hypodermic Theory (social learning theory), Frank Parkin, (dominant, negotiated, oppositional meaning)
2. our target audience, meaning, and identifying with ?
3. point - (in Ien Ang's theory...)example (such as in our music video, this and this happened), explain (therefore Ien Ang's...is applicable because of this and this...)???

The coursework production I am going to analyse in terms of audience theory is my music video production, as we have put a lot of thought and research into the audience for our product. Our target audience for our music video was 16-20 year old, middle class, males and females. Our starting point was an older age group however we presented our rough cut to some audiences and found greater positive feedback from the younger viewers rather than the older ones who found it confusing and not clear on what was going on. The 16-20 age group found it more entertaining and exciting because they could identify with the characters and the locations & story-line rather than the older audience.

The problem with establishing our audience could be explained by Ien Ang's theory, which explains that audiences are becoming too diversified. There are so many different types of audiences these days and they are not set in stone either, audiences float between different genres of videos, films and music and different entertainment types and it is becoming unpredictable and hard to establish. There are so many varieties in the audiences that we found problems with establishing the ethnicity of our audience and are unsure of our social class because it varies from day to day.

Our middle class, aged 16-20 audience of both genders meant that we could involve a lot o meanings and symbolism in our video as it would attract young, ideally open-minded people. However, the problem with young people is they are very suggestible and naive to the images they see. Theodore Adorno's Hypodermic Needle Theory describes how the direct stimulus-response effect occurs in a relationship between audiences reactions and consumption of media texts. In other words, how the audience is "injected" (with the"hypodermic needle") with ideas about the world or society and they start to think and behave in the way presented in the video. In our music we show a lot of violence, intimate scenes, drug and alcohol abuse and unhealthy emotional behaviour. Following the Hypodermic Needle Theory, our music video would have a negative behavioural influence on the young, easily persuaded and suggestible target audience.

However, the Hypodermic Needle theory is ignoring the fact that audiences have the ability to resist the images they are being shown and form their own opinions and choices. This is something that Frank Parkin suggests. There are three types of reading a text: dominant reading, negotiated reading and oppositional meaning. This means that dominant reading is where the message is generally accepted by the audience, the negotiated reading is where the audience find their own meaning and may reject or accept some ideas, and the oppositional reading is where the audience rejects the meaning/message entirely and all together. Our music video was targeted at audience who would apply negotiated reading to the video. This means that they would see the symbolism and the deeper message in the video but would reject the rather explicit and unhealthy images of drug and alcohol abuse and leave them as part of hyper-reality as they are.

There is not much of a great meaning that an audience could extract from our video as it was purely just a story of an unhealthy relationship with a complicated narrative. Our music video is quite post-modern in that way is does not create a greater meaning that could be sent out to the targeted audience, even though it follows main modernist ideology.

postmodernity - controversial?

Postmodernism could be seen as controversial theory because it is stating we lost belief in progress and that media's becoming meaningless heading towards a dystopian future, which may not reflect positively on the culture as we are creating more and more of empty, devalued products. The theory in fact became a tool to control the society. No meaning leads to no personal opinions, therefore everyone thinks the same so it's easier to control the society.

Sunday, May 12, 2013

Narrative: essay.

Apply theories of narrative to one of your coursework productions.

The coursework production I am going to apply my narrative theory to is my music video I made in the second year as it was a narrative music video where the story-line played a main part in the music video.

The narrative for my music video told a story of a young, dysfunctional couple where the girl is being unfaithful to her man, and the storyline revolves around the modern, "not-so-pretty" reality of young people (clubs, drugs, alcohol, violence etc). There are 8 main narrative types outlined by Kate Domaille. The narrative type of my music video is the Tristen and Isault type where the man loves the woman but there is a third party involved: just like in my music video: the man wants to be with his girlfriend but she is unfaithful and cheats on him with another man.

To make it clear who the characters are in my music video I used binary opposites, that Levi-Strauss details in his theory. I used specific camera work to suggest to the audience who they should be identifying with. The binary opposites were good vs evil: the man being "good", unfaithful girl being "evil" (the camerawork focuses on the man, as he is the good in the music video and that is what I wanted my audience to identify with) love vs. hate and male vs female as it portrayed the two worlds of males and females and how they differ and interact in different ways. The binary opposites play quite an important role in my music video as there are very different personalities within my narrative, which distinguish the story-line.

There are key elements in Pam Cook's theory that I can apply to my music video's narrative: enigma resolution,  narrative closure, fictional world. My music video starts with the ending scene, where the man wakes up and has flashbacks. I made it to appear as if the couple is stuck in a loop of events, hence the end being the beginning an vice versa. The music video also has a narrative closure, despite the fact it is a loop as the characters meet at the end and they end up being back together, however, the story ends by the girl leaving, which suggests the story is a loop because she just goes back to the way she was. However, the camerawork and the edit suggests that there is narrative closure as it does end in some sort of way. I also included the fictional world aspect in my narrative as it is set in a realistic world but it is over-exaggerated, which makes it unreal to be understood. For example, there is a scene set in a nightclub (which is a pretty mundane location) however, when the man gets into a fight and gets kicked out, police does not turn up and there is not much fuss about the fight, which would be a different story in real life- therefore this is unrealistic, which creates the aspect of the fictional world.

There are 5 narrative codes distiguished by Barthes. I found that my music video uses 2 out of them: the enigma code and the semantic code. The enigma code is used because it is not clear in my narrative what is the cause and what is the effect of events as it is a loop of events. The semantic code - these are elements that suggest a particular, additional meaning to the text using connotations. In my music video, particularly in mis-en-scene and editing, I made sure that there are some semantic meanings in the storyline. For example, a part of mis-en-scene is costume. There were two costume changes for the girl: casual costume and a red dress with a red mask that symbolised her being evil (Devil-evil-red) and the man always wearing a white shirt to symbolise innocence. In the editing, we edited walls in the toilets where he was taking drugs to red, which symbolised evil and drug induced behaviour (anger, violence), which then occurred later on in the fight with the other man in the club.

However, the narrative of my music video does not have clear structure as it is hard to establish cause and effect and it does not have a clear begging, middle and end as it is a loop and the end is placed in the beginning, which contradicts Branigan's theory. In this way, the music video is a post-modern text because it does not define a clear, typical structure of the narrative and it's far more complicated than that.

GENRE: essay.

Analyse one of your coursework productions in relations to genre.

Genre helps us to watch and study different texts by dividing them into categories. Each category has its main characteristics that define it. I created an opening sequence of thriller genre. I decided to make it a crime thriller. I had to follow certain generic characteristics when creating the opening sequence to make sure it came across as a crime thriller. Some of those generic characteristics were: typical visual style, typical types of narrative, generic types of characters, typical sound design and typical editing style.

I decided to follow my chosen genre's conventions and give in to set boundaries because, as Jason Mitchell stated -a media text should have easy to understand conventions to make it a successful media text. By following standard conventions in my crime thriller piece, it would mean that audience would easily understand what was going on in the first 2 minutes I made as they would pick up on cues that they have seen already in other texts.

Altman said "people look for certain pleasures when choosing a film genre. These are emotional pleasures, visceral pleasures and intellectual puzzles". My opening sequence would be what audience would watch for the pleasures relating to intellectual puzzles. Intellectual puzzles enable the audience to solve a mystery/crime and make assumptions of what will happen/could have happened. My piece starts with an introduction to characters and a mystery murderer, killing a whole detective's family. This would enable my audience to question some parts of the plot, anxiously waiting for the story to be revealed. In the title sequence, we placed a few clues as to why the murderer would come to the detective's family but only audience who really do enjoy intellectual puzzles pleasures in films would find this interesting.

However, my opening sequence is somewhat set on what genre it fits into but some parts of it lead to thinking it's mystery thriller rather than mainly a crime thriller. Abercrombie said that "the boundaries between genres are shifting and passing through one another". This is a post-modern view on the genre theory and to some extent, my opening sequence fits to this statement. Crime thriller is a sub-genre of the Thriller Genre. Sub-genres emerged where the audiences had enough of the same thriller characteristics being put in films under one and the same category, so film productions companies started to do something about it. That's how crime thrillers and mystery thrillers are now firm sub-genres of thriller, very popularised and one of the most famous ones to be made. This is also one of the reasons I made a crime- thriller opening sequence.

Even though, I made a crime thriller opening sequence, specifically following genre conventions to make sure it does come across as what I intended it to be, in a few years time, all it may become is parody-like sequence as other media texts of my genre would be and then they would be deconstructed and new genre would be made. This is a reference is Metz' stages of transformation of genres. There is experimental stage, classic stage, parody stage and deconstruction stage. I made my opening sequence as a crime thriller because the sub-genre is in its classic stage. It is still enjoyed by many so it would be successful.